Overview
Iraq, officially known as the Republic of Iraq, is a country located in West Asia within the broader Middle East region. It shares borders with several nations: Saudi Arabia to the south, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait and the Persian Gulf to the southeast, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. This strategic position at the crossroads of the Middle East has shaped much of the country's history and cultural development.
Geography and Size
Iraq covers a total area of 438,317 square kilometres (169,235 square miles), making it the 58th largest country in the world by land area. The country's diverse landscape includes fertile river plains, desert regions, and mountainous areas, reflecting its position within a historically significant part of the world often associated with the Fertile Crescent.
Population and Demographics
Iraq is home to a population exceeding 46 million people, ranking it as the 31st most populous country globally. This substantial population reflects the country's long history of human settlement and its role as a historically important center of civilization in the region.
Capital City
Baghdad serves as both the capital and largest city of Iraq, with a population of over 8 million residents. As the country's primary urban center, Baghdad plays a central role in Iraq's political, economic, and cultural life.
Regional Context
Iraq's location places it at a significant geopolitical crossroads, bordered by six countries:
- Saudi Arabia to the south
- Turkey to the north
- Iran to the east
- Kuwait to the southeast, along with access to the Persian Gulf
- Jordan to the southwest
- Syria to the west
This positioning within West Asia and the Middle East has historically made Iraq an important hub for trade, cultural exchange, and regional politics throughout its long history.