Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, also known as Medina, Taybah, or al-Madinah an-Nabawiyyah, is the capital and administrative center of the Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. Historically known as Yathrib during pre-Islamic times, it stands as one of the oldest and most significant locations in Islamic history. It is recognized as the second holiest city in Islam.
The city is located at the core of the Medina Province and covers a total area of 589 km2 (227 sq mi). Of this land, 293 km2 (113 sq mi) is comprised of urban areas, while the remainder consists of agricultural spaces, empty valleys, dormant volcanoes, and the Hejaz Mountains. As of 2022, it was the fourth-most populous city in Saudi Arabia with a population of 1,477,023, consisting of approximately 58.5% Saudi citizens and 41.5% foreigners.