Tessaoua, formerly known as Tessawa, is a city located in the Maradi Region of Niger. It has a population of 43,409 and occupies a central geographical location within its region. The city is historically significant for its position as a midpoint on a historical trade route connecting Agadez in northern Niger to Kano in southern Nigeria.
During the late 19th century, following the collapse of the sultanates of Bornu and Sokoto, the local ruler declared his territory the Sultanate of Tessaoua. In 1897, prior to the murder of French captain Cazemajou in nearby Zinder, the ruler signed a treaty of protection with the captain.