Santa María Temaxcalapa is a town and municipality located in the state of Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. It is situated within the Villa Alta District, which lies in the center of the Sierra Norte Region. The municipality is positioned approximately 149 miles from the state capital.
The geographical boundaries of Santa María Temaxcalapa are defined by several neighboring municipalities. It is bordered to the north by San Juan Yatzona and San Ildefonso Villa Alta, and to the south by San Cristóbal Lachirioag and San Ildefonso Villa Alta. To the east, it borders San Ildefonso Villa Alta, while its western boundaries include San Juan Yatzona, Villa Talea de Castro, and San Cristóbal Lachirioag.