Jaltenco is a small municipality situated in the northeastern part of the state of Mexico. It covers a total area of 4.7 km² and is located within the Zumpango Region. The municipal seat is San Andrés Jaltenco, though both the municipality and its seat are frequently referred to simply as San Andrés.
The municipality is positioned at a northern pass leading out of the Valley of Mexico. It is located approximately 60 kilometers north of Mexico City and about 200 kilometers northeast of Toluca, which serves as the state capital.