Hermenegildo Galeana was a prominent hero of the Mexican War of Independence. He was one of six brothers to participate in the insurgency against Spanish rule. During the conflict, Galeana served as a key military figure, acting as the right-hand man to José María Morelos, a secular priest and leader of the independence movement. He also served as the immediate superior of insurgent fighter Vicente Guerrero.
Galeana's family background was rooted in land ownership, with a lineage that is said to be Hispanicized from English origins. The family founder in Mexico was reportedly an English pirate who jumped ship and married a local woman. Historically, Galeana is noted for his light complexion, which stood out in a region primarily populated by dark morenos.
Galeana died in battle following the death of Father Mariano Matamoros, who served as Morelos's lieutenant. His death was significant to the leadership of the independence movement; upon the loss of both his primary lieutenants, Morelos reportedly exclaimed, "I have lost both my arms, now I am nothing."