Kashgar
Introduction
You will find yourself in Kashgar, a city situated within the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang. Located near the borders of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, this westernmost Chinese city serves as a gateway where the landscapes of China meet Central Asia and the Middle East.
As you explore this ancient settlement, you are walking through one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. For over 2,000 years, it has functioned as a strategically important oasis along the Silk Road, connecting diverse cultures across continents.
Before you go
Prepare for your journey by understanding the historical significance of this westernmost city, where the northern and southern branches of the Silk Road converge. As a former capital of independent kingdoms and a territory governed by various empires over centuries, it serves as a vital crossroads leading toward the Ferghana Valley and Samarkand. It also marks the northern terminus of the Karakorum Highway.
Communication is key to navigating the city smoothly. While Uyghur is the primary language spoken by the local majority, many younger residents speak Mandarin. You can expect some English in airports, hotels, and banks; however, taxi drivers do not speak English. To ensure a smooth trip, consider these tips:
- Carry a smartphone with a translator application to bridge communication gaps, especially if you are an English or Russian speaker.
- Have someone write your destination in Mandarin characters to show to taxi drivers.
- Connect with local travel agencies or contacts who speak your language to assist with logistics.
Getting there
You can reach this destination by air, with flights available from cities such as Urumqi, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, as well as international connections to Khujand and Islamabad. Upon arrival at the airport, you can choose between a taxi, a dedicated shuttle bus that travels to any location in town, or a public bus line. If your plans include visiting Tashkurgan, ensure you obtain a Border Area Pass from the Foreign Affairs Office located near the airport before proceeding.
Alternatively, you can arrive by train at the Kashgar Railway Station. While trains are often the most economical option, they are slower and run less frequently than other methods of transport. From the station, you can take a bus to the city center where you can find maps to navigate the area. For those traveling by road, buses connect the region to various destinations including Hotan, Kuqa, and Urumqi. If crossing into Pakistan via the Karakoram Highway or traveling toward Sost, be prepared for longer journeys that may involve overnight stays.
Getting around
You can explore much of the city on foot, including the bazaar, downtown area, and the international bus station. While the railway station is too far to reach by walking, you can take public bus 28 to reach it and other locations like Renmin Square. The old town and its narrow alleyways are best explored on foot. When crossing streets, you must be careful as there are no pedestrian crossings; stay alert for electric motorbikes that travel silently in their designated lanes between the car lanes and the pavement.
Taking a taxi by flagging one down or using Didi is the easiest way to travel around. If you prefer cycling, this is an option only if you are experienced with challenging traffic environments. You can also navigate the area using paper maps from specific publishers if you are planning a larger itinerary through the region.
Where to stay
You can find a variety of accommodations ranging from social hostels to upscale hotels. For a budget-friendly stay, choose between a hostel in an Uyghur ethnic village known for its friendly atmosphere and nearby dining options, or a centrally based hostel featuring a courtyard with eastern-styled areas. If you prefer more amenities, some options provide dormitories in historic buildings like former consulates, while others offer larger rooms with extensive facilities such as spas, saunas, and business centers.
For a mid-range experience, you can stay in hotels located near the old town or those situated in unique settings, such as an old Russian consulate building featuring high ceilings and military-themed art. Some nearby establishments are known for their helpful staff and convenient locations near local eateries and travel agencies. If you prefer a more luxurious stay, upscale options include a hotel with a pool and a large international hotel offering extensive spa and massage services.
Food & drink
You can explore a variety of local dishes and street food throughout the city, including options at the Sunday market or at the food stalls located opposite the Id Kah mosque during the evening. During the summer months, you can find refreshing melons and watermelons; for the most hygienic experience, you can have a seller cut a hami melon for you before washing and eating it yourself. While you should generally be cautious of ice that is placed on the ground, there are locations near Id Kah where the ice is known to be clean.
For local flavors, you can visit Yasin Kariagim Silk Road Uighur Restaurant to enjoy fresh meat skewers served with freshly baked nan bread from nearby bakers. Other dining options include Altun Orda Restaurant, where you can sample rice pilaf with raisins and pollo while viewing traditional Uighur architecture, or Shawarma for homemade Pakistani dishes like spicy ground beef or curried chicken. If you prefer Western-style fare, Karakoram Cafe and The Gallery Cafe offer coffee and western dishes in welcoming settings. For a terrace view of the old town and mosque, K2 Rooftop Cafe serves pizza and iced drinks.
What to see and do
Explore the spiritual landmarks and historical architecture surrounding the city. You can visit the Mor Buddhist Pagoda, a three-layered structure dating back to the Tang dynasty, or find more authentic architectural remains at Gaotai Ancient Homes near the East Gate. For a look at local culture, witness the livestock trade at Mal Bazaar or visit the Id Kah Mosque, known for its yellow walls and Central Asian style. Other significant sites include the Tomb of Apak Hoja, the tomb of philosopher Yusup Khass Hajip, and the picturesque hillside complex of Mahmud Kashgari in Upal.
Adventure awaits beyond the city limits through various excursions:
- Travel along the Karakoram Highway to reach Baisha Lake and Karakul Lake.
- Embark on a trek to Shipton's Arch, a massive natural arch located in a canyon with rocky riverbed terrain.
- Head to the Taklimakan Desert to experience camel trekking at Davakul Lake.
When to go
You can experience Kashgar's extreme dry climate across all seasons, though you will encounter significant temperature swings between the hot summers and cold winters. If you prefer warmth, summer brings high temperatures and abundant sunshine, while autumn offers a brief period of declining heat with particularly bright conditions before the winter sets in.
During the spring, you can enjoy a long season where temperatures rise quickly from their winter lows. While this is the wettest time of year, the region remains very dry. If you visit during the cold season, prepare for freezing temperatures and limited sunshine during the darkest months, though snowfall remains rare.
Three days in KashgarDay one, you begin your journey in Kashgar as you immerse yourself in the local culture of this Silk Road destination. You can explore the surrounding area and experience the unique atmosphere of Xinjiang.
Day two, you travel through the vast landscapes of the Tarim Basin. You may also consider exploring nearby regions such as the Ferghana Valley or Samarkand to connect with the history of Central Asia.
Day three, you navigate the scenic routes toward the border area pass at Tashkurgan. While your travels take you through these remote reaches, you can appreciate the diverse geography connecting China to neighboring regions like Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.