Nicolae Bălcescu is a commune in Călărași County, in the historical region of Muntenia, southern Romania. It lies in the Bărăgan Plain, a flat agricultural area of the lower Danube basin, and is named after the 19th-century Wallachian revolutionary Nicolae Bălcescu.
Like many settlements in Călărași County, the commune is rural in character, with an economy based mainly on agriculture. It is administered as a single commune comprising its component villages, a common local government structure in Romania.
The surrounding county is known for its plains, farmland, and proximity to the Danube, which forms the county's southern boundary. The commune is connected to nearby towns and to the county seat, Călărași, by the local road network.