Stefan cel Mare is a city in Vaslui County, in the historical region of Moldavia, eastern Romania. It lies in the eastern part of the county, roughly 50 kilometres south of the county seat, Vaslui, and about 80 kilometres north of Bârlad. The settlement is named after Stephen III of Moldavia, known as Stephen the Great, who ruled the principality from 1457 until his death and is remembered as one of the most prominent rulers of late medieval Eastern Europe.
The city is a small administrative and agricultural centre serving the surrounding rural area. It is connected by road to Vaslui and to nearby towns in the county, and the local economy is based mainly on farming and related small-scale activities. Its population is modest, in keeping with the character of the region's smaller towns.
Its most notable characteristic is its name, shared with the medieval voivode who is a national hero in both Romania and Moldova and who was canonised by the Romanian Orthodox Church. The city should not be confused with other places bearing the same name, including the better-known town of Ștefan cel Mare in Neamț County and various villages of the same name elsewhere in Romania.