Bălteni is a commune in Olt County, in the historical region of Muntenia, Romania. It is located in the southern part of the country, within the wider Oltenia-Muntenia area that surrounds the Olt River corridor.
Administratively, the commune is composed of a single village, also named Bălteni. This means the commune and its sole constituent village share the same name and boundaries, a relatively simple administrative structure compared with communes made up of several villages.
As a rural commune in Olt County, Bălteni forms part of the local administrative network of the region, alongside the county's towns and other communes. Its identity is tied to the plain and lowland landscapes typical of this part of southern Romania.