Huarango is a small town in the Cajamarca Department of northern Peru. It lies in the Andean highlands of the region, which is located in the country's northwest and borders Ecuador to the north.
The settlement shares its name with the huarango tree, the common name in Peru for Neltuma pallida, a thorny legume native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru and found particularly in drier areas near the coast. The tree is also known as kiawe, American carob, bayahonda, algarrobo pálido and algarrobo blanco. While threatened in its native habitat, it is considered an invasive species in many other places.
Huarango is not to be confused with other places or features bearing the same name, including the huarango tree itself. As a town in the Cajamarca highlands, it forms part of one of Peru's principal Andean departments.