Vilankulo is a coastal town in Mozambique, located in the Vilanculos District of Inhambane Province. It lies on the country's southeastern coast and serves as the administrative centre of its district.
The town is named after a local tribal chief, Gamela Vilankulo Mukoke, and several of its bairros, or suburbs, are named after his sons. During the colonial period the settlement was known as Vilanculos; the name was changed to Vilankulo at independence. This distinction persists today, with the district called Vilanculos and the town Vilankulo.