Cabeza la Vaca is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, in the Extremadura region of southwestern Spain. It is one of the many small towns that make up this largely rural province, which borders Portugal to the west.
The local economy is based on agriculture. The surrounding landscape is characterised by thousands of evergreen oaks, olive trees and pine trees, along with leafy scrubland, a vegetation typical of the dehesa and Mediterranean woodland found across much of Extremadura.