Castellanos de Villiquera is a municipality in the province of Salamanca, in western Spain. It forms part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.
The municipality lies about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from the city of Salamanca, the provincial capital. It covers an area of 32.81 km2 (12.67 sq mi).
As of 2016, Castellanos de Villiquera had a population of 675 people.