Bustillo de la Vega is a municipality in the province of Palencia, within the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It lies in the northern part of the country, in a region characterised by a continental climate and a landscape of plains and low hills typical of the Castilian meseta.
The municipality is small and rural, with a recorded population of 363 inhabitants according to the 2004 census carried out by Spain's National Statistics Institute (INE). Like many villages in this part of Palencia, it is part of a sparsely populated agricultural area where farming has traditionally been the main economic activity.
Its administrative status as a municipality means it has its own local council, though its small size places it among the many minor settlements that make up the province of Palencia. The name Bustillo de la Vega reflects both a common place-name element in the region and its setting on or near fertile lowland or valley terrain.