Brañosera is a municipality in the province of Palencia, within the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is a small, sparsely populated rural settlement in northern Spain, with a recorded population of 284 inhabitants at the time of the 2004 census conducted by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE).
The town is best known for its town hall, which is recognized as the oldest in the entirety of Spain. This distinction gives Brañosera a notable place in the country's administrative history, setting it apart from other municipalities of comparable size.
Beyond its status as a municipality and its historic town hall, Brañosera remains a minor administrative entity within Palencia, with its population and local governance recorded in national census data.