Bahabón de Esgueva is a municipality and town in the province of Burgos, within the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It lies in the northern part of the country, in the region historically known as Old Castile.
The municipality is named for the Esgueva, a river of the Duero basin that flows through this part of Burgos province. According to the 2004 census conducted by Spain's National Statistics Institute (INE), Bahabón de Esgueva had a population of 124 inhabitants, reflecting the small, rural character typical of many municipalities in the surrounding comarca.
As a municipality, Bahabón de Esgueva serves as the local administrative unit for the town and its surrounding area. Its small population and location in the Burgos countryside place it among the many sparsely populated settlements of Castile and León.