Peñalba is a municipality in the province of Huesca, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It is located in the comarca of Bajo Cinca, in the eastern part of the province near the border with Catalonia.
According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 742 inhabitants. The village is situated in a semi-arid agricultural landscape typical of the Ebro basin, where cereal crops and fruit trees are grown.
Peñalba is one of several small municipalities in the Bajo Cinca comarca, a predominantly rural area of Aragon with a low population density. The nearest larger towns are Fraga and Mequinenza.