Peñaflor is a municipality in the province of Seville, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. It lies within the Guadalquivir river valley in the northern part of the province, roughly 60 kilometres north-east of the provincial capital, Seville.
The town is situated on the left bank of the Guadalquivir, a location that has shaped its history as an agricultural settlement in the fertile campiña of the lower valley. Its economy has traditionally been based on farming, particularly the cultivation of olives, cereals and cotton, along with other crops typical of the region.
Peñaflor is one of the many small municipalities that make up the province of Seville, and it forms part of the wider Andalusian cultural and administrative landscape. Like other towns in the area, it retains a compact historic centre and a pattern of settlement tied to the surrounding farmland and the river that runs beside it.