Jamilena is a municipality in the province of Jaén, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. It lies within the comarca (district) of the Campiña de Jaén, a fertile agricultural area centred on the city of Jaén.
According to the 2005 census conducted by Spain's national statistics institute, the INE, Jamilena had a population of 3,429 inhabitants at that time. Like many towns in the province, its economy has traditionally been tied to the surrounding countryside, particularly the cultivation of olives, a crop for which the Jaén region is widely known.
The town is one of a number of small municipalities that make up the Campiña de Jaén, sharing the area's characteristic landscape of rolling farmland and olive groves. Its population and administrative status are recorded in official Spanish census data.