Abja-Paluoja is a town in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County, in southern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Mulgi Parish.
The settlement is located in the Mulgi region of southern Estonia, an area historically associated with the Mulgi dialect and culture. The town lies in the southern part of Viljandi County, roughly midway between the larger towns of Viljandi to the north and Valga to the south.
Abja-Paluoja received town status and became a separate urban municipality in 1993. It later became part of Mulgi Parish as part of Estonia's administrative reforms, which merged several municipalities across the country.