Kolbingen is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen, in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It lies in southwestern Germany, roughly 15 kilometres northeast of the town of Tuttlingen, the district seat, and about 7 kilometres from Mühlheim an der Donau.
The surrounding area is part of the landscape of the Swabian Jura, the low mountain range that characterizes much of this part of Baden-Württemberg. The municipality's position near Mühlheim an der Donau places it within the upper Danube region, and its distance from Tuttlingen means it functions as a small residential community within the wider district rather than as a major urban centre.
Kolbingen is administered as a municipality within the Tuttlingen district, one of the districts that make up the state of Baden-Württemberg. Its proximity to both Tuttlingen and Mühlheim an der Donau links it to the transport and administrative networks of the region.