Río Cauto is a municipality and town in the Granma Province of Cuba. It lies in the northern part of the province, upstream of the mouth of the Cauto River, from which it takes its name.
The town's position on the Cauto River, Cuba's longest river, places it within the river's lower basin in eastern Cuba. The municipality is one of several that make up Granma Province, which occupies part of the country's southeastern region.
Río Cauto is distinct from other places sharing the Cauto name, including the river itself and its delta at the coast. As a municipal seat, the town serves as an administrative center for the surrounding area.