Huainan is a prefecture-level city in north-central Anhui province, China, with a population of 3,033,528 as of the 2020 census. It is named for the Han-era Principality of Huainan. The city borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the south, Lu'an to the southwest, Fuyang to the west, Bozhou to the northwest, Bengbu to the northeast and Chuzhou to the east.
Huainan is one of the core cities of the Hefei Metropolitan Circle and is known for its coal industry and thermal power plants. Its built-up area, made up of four urban districts and Fengtai County, was home to 1,868,944 inhabitants as of 2020.
The city is considered the hometown and birthplace of tofu. Its designated city flower is the Chinese rose and its city tree is the Old-World Plane Tree.