Novo Barreiro is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. It is one of the state's many small municipalities, situated in a region characterized by the rolling hills and agricultural land typical of Rio Grande do Sul's interior.
As of the 2022 census, Novo Barreiro had a population of 4,272. Like most Brazilian municipalities, it serves as the local seat of government for its surrounding area, providing basic public services to residents.
Rio Grande do Sul is Brazil's southernmost state, bordering Argentina and Uruguay, and Novo Barreiro shares in the state's temperate climate and economy, which is largely based on agriculture and livestock. The municipality's small population and rural setting place it among the numerous minor municipalities that make up the state's interior.