Thalgau is a market town in the district of Salzburg-Umgebung, in the state of Salzburg, Austria. It lies in the Flachgau region of the state, within the Alpine foothills east of the city of Salzburg.
As a market town (Marktgemeinde), Thalgau holds a historical status granted to certain settlements in Austria, a designation that traditionally carried the right to hold markets. It is one of the communities that make up the Salzburg-Umgebung district, the administrative district surrounding the city of Salzburg.
The town is situated in the Salzkammergut lake region, near the Drachenwand and the Schober, and close to the shores of Lake Fuschl. Its location places it within easy reach of both the city of Salzburg and the lakes and mountains of the Salzkammergut.