Lydenburg, also known as Mashishing, is a town located in the Thaba Chweu Local Municipality on the Mpumalanga highveld in South Africa. It is situated at the summit of the Long Tom Pass along the Sterkspruit/Dorps River tributary of the Lepelle River.
The town has a history dating back to AD 500. Its name is derived from the Dutch Lijdenburg, meaning "Town of Suffering," which refers to the experiences of white settlers, while its Northern Sotho name, Mashishing, translates to "long green grass."
Lydenburg serves as a significant agricultural, tourism, and mining hub. It is notably recognized as the center of the South African fly-fishing industry.