Phú Yên is a former central coastal province located in the South Central Coast region of Central Vietnam. It serves as a geographical link between several neighboring provinces and the coastline.
The province shares land borders with Bình Định to the north, Khánh Hòa to the south, Gia Lai to the northwest, and Đắk Lắk to the southwest. To the east, Phú Yên faces the South China Sea.