Medina, officially known as al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, is the capital and administrative center of the Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. Historically referred to as Yathrib during pre-Islamic times, it is recognized as one of the oldest and most significant locations in Islamic history. It holds the status of the second holiest city in Islam.
The city is located at the core of the Medina Province and covers a total area of 589 km2 (227 sq mi). Of this land, 293 km2 (113 sq mi) is designated as the urban area, while the remaining territory consists of agricultural spaces, empty valleys, dormant volcanoes, and the Hejaz Mountains. As of 2022, it is the fourth-most populous city in Saudi Arabia with a population of 1,477,023, consisting of approximately 58.5% Saudi citizens and 41.5% foreigners.