Yoshkar-Ola is the capital city of the Mari El Republic in Russia. The city has undergone several name changes throughout its history; it was known as Tsarevokokshaysk from 1584 to 1919, and subsequently served as Krasnokokshaysk between 1919 and 1927.
According to the 2021 census, the population of Yoshkar-Ola is 281,248. This represents an increase from previous census figures, which recorded 256,719 residents in 2002 and 248,782 in 2010.