Cavnic is a former mining town located in northern Romania within Maramureș County. It is situated in the valley of the river Cavnic, approximately 26 km (16 mi) east of Baia Mare.
As part of the Baia Mare metropolitan area, the town covers an area of 47.17 km2 (18 sq mi). The geography of the region features altitudes ranging from 500 to 1,050 m above sea level.