Turin is a city and a business and cultural center located in northern Italy. It serves as the capital city of both the Piedmont region and the Metropolitan City of Turin. Historically, the city held significance as the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865.
Geographically, Turin is situated primarily on the western bank of the River Po, below its Susa Valley, and is bordered by Superga hill and the western Alpine arch. The city proper has a population of 855,654 as of 2026, while the surrounding urban area is estimated to house approximately 1.7 million inhabitants. The broader Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a total population of 2.2 million.