San Rufo is a village and comune located in the province of Salerno within the Campania region of southern Italy. It is situated in the Vallo di Diano area and covers a total land area of approximately 31 square kilometres, characterized largely by mountainous and hilly terrain.
The historical layout of the old town was intentionally constructed at an elevation of over 600 meters above sea level for defensive purposes. This elevated positioning was also chosen to provide protection from the marshy conditions of the wide Vallo di Diano plain, which sits at an average altitude of 450 meters.