Caulonia is a comune located in the Province of Reggio Calabria within the Italian region of Calabria. It is situated in the Stilaro Valley, approximately 60 kilometres southwest of Catanzaro and about 120 kilometres northeast of Reggio Calabria.
The municipality was originally known as Castelvetere until 1862, when citizens chose to rename it after the ancient city of Caulonia. Although residents believed the ancient site was located on their territory, historical evidence eventually determined that ancient Caulonia was situated near modern Monasterace, roughly 16 kilometres to the northeast.