Ujjain, also known as Ujjayini, is a city located in the Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the administrative and religious center for both the Ujjain district and the Ujjain division. The city ranks as the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population.
Historically, Ujjain has been a prominent trade and political hub within the Indian subcontinent since the era of the ancient Mahājanapadas until the period of British colonization. It is recognized as one of the Hindu pilgrimage centers of Sapta Puri and is well known for hosting the Kumbh Mela (Simhastha) every 12 years.
The city is home to the world-famous temple of Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, which is situated in its center. This site remains a significant landmark for religious tourism and pilgrimage within the region.