Fatwa is not a city in India; rather, it is a legal ruling on a specific point of Islamic law (sharia). These rulings are issued by a qualified Islamic jurist, known as a faqih, in response to questions posed by private individuals, judges, or government entities.
The process of issuing these rulings is referred to as ifta, and the individual responsible for providing them is called a mufti. Throughout Islamic history, fatwas have played an important role and have evolved into various forms in the modern era.