Thanjavur, also known as Thanjai or Tanjore, is a city located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Serving as the headquarters of the Thanjavur District, it is the 12th largest city in the state and is administered by a municipal corporation covering an area of 36.31 km2. The city is situated in the Kaveri Delta and is recognized as an important agricultural center known as the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu.
The city is a significant hub for southern Indian religion, art, and architecture, having served as the capital of the Chola Empire. It houses several Great Living Chola Temples, which are designated UNESCO World Heritage Monuments. The most prominent among these is the Rajarajesvaram, or Brihadisvara Temple, built by Emperor Rajaraja I; it features one of India's largest bull statues carved from a single granite rock. Additionally, the region is known for Tanjore painting, a unique local art style.
Historically, Thanjavur was ruled by various dynasties following the Cholas, including the Mutharaiyar, Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas, and the British Empire. It has been part of independent India since 1947. The city is accessible via roadways and rail connectivity, with Tiruchirapalli International Airport located approximately 59.6 km away.