Madura is an Indonesian island located off the northeastern coast of Java. It is separated from the mainland by the narrow Madura Strait and serves as part of the East Java province.
The main island covers an area of approximately 4,471.05 square kilometres (1,726.28 mi2). Administratively, however, the region encompasses about 5,408.45 square kilometres (2,088.21 mi2) because it includes various smaller islands to the east, southeast, and north that are part of the easternmost Sumenep Regency.
As of mid-2024, the administered area of Madura had a population density of 773 people per square kilometre. The main island itself maintained a slightly higher density of 862.3 people per square kilometre during the same period.