Barus is a town and kecamatan (district) located in the Central Tapanuli Regency of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Historically recognized as a port town or kingdom on the western coast of Sumatra, it served as a significant regional trade center from approximately the 7th century until the 17th century.
The area was known by various names, including Fansur and possibly Barusai; the name Fansur translates to "spring of water" or "a place where water flows" in the local Batak language. The town was particularly well known for its production of camphor. During the 16th century, Barus was absorbed into the rising power of the Aceh Sultanate.
Historical records also associate the location with culture, as it is suggested that the earliest known Malay poet, Hamzah Fansuri, may have originated from Barus based on his name.