Pandian is a city located in Indonesia.
The name Pandian is also associated with the Pandya dynasty, an ancient Tamil dynasty of South India known as the Pandyas of Madurai. As one of the four great kingdoms of Tamilakam alongside the Pallavas, Cholas, and Cheras, the dynasty existed from at least the 4th to 3rd centuries BCE.
The Pandya dynasty is considered one of the longest ruling dynasties in the world, maintaining power continuously from approximately 400 BCE to 1618 CE. During its periods of imperial dominance between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, and again under the Later Pandyas, the dynasty ruled extensive territories including present-day South India and northern Sri Lanka.