Sudan, officially known as the Republic of the Sudan, is a country located in Northeast Africa. It occupies an area of 1,886,068 square kilometres, making it the third-largest country on the African continent by landmass. The nation shares borders with the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. It also has a coastline along the Red Sea to the east.
As of 2025, Sudan has a population of approximately 51.8 million people. The country's capital and most populous city is Khartoum.