Giza is a city located in Egypt on the west bank of the Nile, situated opposite central Cairo. It serves as the capital of the Giza Governorate and is an integral part of the Greater Cairo metropolis. The city is positioned less than 30 kilometres north of Memphis, which served as the capital of the unified Egyptian state during the reign of pharaoh Narmer around 3100 BC.
By area and population, Giza ranks as the third-largest city in Egypt and the eighteenth-largest city in Africa. As of 2023, the city has a total population of 4,458,135 residents.