Turin is a city and a business and cultural center located in northern Italy. It serves as the capital city of both the Piedmont region and the Metropolitan City of Turin. Historically, it held significance as the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865.
The city is situated primarily on the western bank of the River Po, below its Susa Valley, and is bordered by Superga hill and the western Alpine arch. As of 2026, the population of the city proper is 855,654, while the urban area is estimated to have approximately 1.7 million inhabitants. The broader Turin metropolitan area has an estimated population of 2.2 million.