Petrolina is a municipality situated at the southernmost point of the state of Pernambuco in Northeast Brazil. It is located within the valley of the São Francisco River and covers a total area of 4,756.8 km2, making it the largest municipality in the state by land area.
The city has a population of 418,444 as of 2025. It is closely integrated with the neighboring city of Juazeiro, which is located on the opposite bank of the São Francisco River in the state of Bahia.