Kupang, formerly known as Koepang, is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. It serves as the largest city and primary port on the island of Timor. Geographically, it is distinguished as the southernmost large city in Indonesia and the country's closest point to Australia.
As of mid-2024, the official population estimate for Kupang is 474,801. The city is a key component of the Timor Leste–Indonesia–Australia Growth Triangle free trade zone.