Gaoua is a market town located in the southwestern region of Burkina Faso. It serves as the capital of Poni Province and had a recorded population of 45,284 during a 2019 census.
The city is situated in a landscape characterized by red earth, green hills, and fast-flowing streams. It is recognized as a central location for the sacred rites and bush lore of the Lobi people.
According to local mythology, Gaoua was established following a migration by the Lobi people from northern Ghana. The area was originally occupied by the Gan people; consequently, the Lobi named the trek "Gaoua Gan-houo," which translates to "route of the Gan people."