Toowoomba is a city located in the Queensland region of Australia, situated on the border of South East Queensland and the Darling Downs. It is positioned approximately 132 km (82 mi) west of Brisbane, the state capital. The city serves as the council seat for the Toowoomba Region.
As of the 2021 census, Toowoomba had an urban population of 142,163, reflecting an average annual growth rate of 1.45% over the preceding two decades. It is recognized as the second-most-populous inland city in Australia after Canberra and stands as the second-largest regional centre in Queensland. The city is frequently referred to as the capital of the Darling Downs and ranks as the fourth largest city in South East Queensland following Brisbane, Gold Coast, and the Sunshine Coast.